Parlay is a C library for laying out out paragraphs to an in-memory buffer.
This current version is 0.1.
Summary
Parlay does one thing. It take some text (it could be plain text or a simple markup language), lays that text out in a paragraph, and creates an RGBA image of that paragraph in memory.
That’s it. That’s all it does. You give it paragraph text, you get back an image buffer.
It’s not something that exists only as part of some weird rendering pipeline. It is not built upon a massive foundational library. It doesn’t have multiple backends. It doesn’t have plugins. It’s not scriptable. It’s not part of a framework. It stands alone.
The only input to Parlay is the text you want to render, some style information, including the font to use, and a few layout options. The only output is an RGBA image buffer.
Its only dependencies are FreeType and, optionally, MiniXML.
Features
- Lays out and renders text to an in-memory buffer
- Supports any True Type or Type 1 font that FreeType library supports
- Allows user to register font files (it doesn’t rely on system fonts)
- Renders text in different styles like italic and bold, different font sizes, and different colors
- Supports outlines on characters
- Supports highlighting characters (i.e., as with a highlighting pen)
- Has basic layout control like maximum width and paragraph alignment
- Supports Unicode and the UTF-8 encoding
- Implements a simple XML-based markup language for specifying styles
- Does not have a lot of dependencies: just FreeType and optionally MiniXML
Limitations
- Currently only supports left-to-right text
- Probably does not support combining characters, though I’ve never actually tried it
- Requires user to register font files (it doesn’t use system fonts at all)
- Supports ONLY the UTF-8 encoding
- Does not yet support some basic styles like underline
- Does not yet support grayscale buffers, though of course you can render gray characters to an RGB buffer
- Does not currently support kerning
License
Parlay is free to use and distribute, subject to a BSD-Style license. See the file LICENSE.txt for details.
For binary distributions (i.e., if you distribute software that uses Parlay) I consider a note saying that the software uses Parlay, with a clickable link back to the official home page of Parlay, to satisfy the second bullet point of license.
http://blog.aerojockey.com/post/parlay
Source distributions should include the license file and not rely on a link.
Downloading
You can download Parlay from GitHub.
https://github.com/aerojockey/parlay
Building
Parlay is highly portable C. I think the only compatibility drama might come from a pair of inline functions. I don’t expect you’ll have trouble building it on any system that FreeType supports.
Unless you’re building libparlay.so for some kind of Linux distro, I recommend you just add the source files to your project and compile it in. You need to build it with the FreeType library, version 2. If you want the simple markup language, you’ll also need to build with MiniXML.
There is only one configuration option, PARLAY_USE_MINIXML, which specifies whether to build the function parlay_markup_text, which requires MiniXML. You can modify this option at the top of parlay.h, or define it on your compiler’s command line.
I make no guarantees about thread safety at this point. The functions parlay_register_font and parlay_init are certainly not thread safe, but you should probably be calling those during initialization anyway. I suspect that if you linked Parlay with a thread-safe version of Freetype, then the functions parlay_plain_text and parlay_markup_text would be thread-safe. But it wasn’t a design goal of mine to make them thread-safe, so no guarantees.
Usage
The API is very simple at this point: after initializating and registering fonts, you call one function to get one rendered buffer.
(The underlying implementation allows for more exciting possibilities like streaming text into a ParlayParagraphBuilder object, but the public API currently doesn’t offer this.)
Start by calling parlay_init. This simply initializes some FreeType objects.
Then, register some fonts with parlay_register_font. Each font is given a name and up to four font files (for regular, italic, bold, and bold-italic). The fonts can be TrueType or Type 1.
Once initialized, to lay out some text, you have to initialize two structures and pass them to parlay_plain_text along with the text you want to render. The first structure is PaylayStyle, which contains style information. The second is ParlayControl, which has some options for layout control. You’ll also create a structure, ParlayRGBARawImage, to receive the image buffer output.
If you build it with MiniXML, you could call parlay_markup_text instead.
Example
#include "parlay.h"
int parlay_hello(char* font_filename) {
ParlayRGBARawImage image;
ParlayStyle style;
ParlayControl ctl;
/* "Hello, world" isn't really long enough to show paragraph layout so we
use a slightly longer message */
const char* message = "Hello, my name is Inigo Montoya. You killed my father. Prepare to die.";
/* Initialize Parlay */
if (parlay_init() != 0) {
/* error if parlay_init() returns nonzero */
return -1;
}
/* Register the given font with the name "hello" */
/* Arguments 3, 4, and 5 to parlay_register_font allow one to
specify filenames for the italic, bold, and bold-italic
styles, but to keep the example simple we'll not bother. */
if (parlay_register_font("hello",font_filename,NULL,NULL,NULL) != 0) {
/* error if parlay_register_font() returns nonzero */
return -1;
}
/* Set up the style structure */
style.font_name = "hello"; /* same name we registered the font as */
style.font_size = 20; /* size is roughly the number of pixels wide for lower-case m */
style.font_scaler = 1.0; /* a convenience to allow common scaling of fonts; just set to 1 */
style.font_style = PARLAY_STYLE_NORMAL; /* don't use bold or italic */
style.text_color[0] = 0.0; /* red component of text color, in range from 0 to 1 */
style.text_color[1] = 0.0; /* green component of text color */
style.text_color[2] = 0.0; /* blue component of text color */
style.text_color[3] = 1.0; /* alpha component of text color, 1 = fully opaque */
style.border_thickness = 0; /* no border around the glyphs */
style.highlight = 0; /* no highlighting */
/* Set up the control structure */
ctl.width = 300; /* number of pixels wide to wrap the paragraph--use 0 for no wrapping */
ctl.text_alignment = PARLAY_ALIGN_CENTER; /* paragraph alignment */
ctl.collapse_whitespace = 0; /* don't collapse whitespace--this option is mainly for markup */
ctl.cropping_strategy = PARLAY_CROP_FAILSAFE; /* retain all rendered pixels */
/* It's unnecessary but good practice to clear the image structure when not in use */
image.data = NULL; /* will be set to point at the malloc'ed image buffer */
image.width = 0; /* will be set to the width of the image buffer */
image.height = 0; /* will be set to the height of the image buffer */
image.x0 = 0; /* will be set to the recommended x-location to draw the buffer */
image.y0 = 0; /* will be set to the recommended y-location to draw the buffer */
/* Now call parlay_plain_text */
if (parlay_plain_text(message,&style,&ctl,&image) != 0) {
/* error if parlay_register_font() returns nonzero */
/* notice a pattern? */
return -1;
}
/* The ParlayRGBARawImage structure has been filled with the image data */
/* For this example just print out the width and height of it */
/* A better example would show how the image buffer is used somehow */
printf("parlay_plain_text produced an image of size %d x %d\n",image.width,image.height);
/* We're done with image, free the image data. */
parlay_free_image_data(&image);
return 0;
}
What To Do With Your Shiny New Image Buffer
I mean, it’s kind of out of the scope of this README, but for those skimming this file wondering, “Can Parlay do this?”, here are some examples of fun and cool things you can do with the image buffer output of Parlay.
- You can use it to create OpenGL textures by passing it to glTexImage2D. (I assume you can do something similar with Direct X but I’ve never used it.)
- You can use an image format library, such as libpng or libjpeg, to save the buffer in a standard image format.
- You can use the image buffer to initialize a Pixmap object of some sort from a GUI Framework such as Qt or GTK, though if we’re being fair, in most cases you’d just want to use the text capabilities built into the GUI Framework for that.
- You can do image operations (like compose, overlay, convolve, etc.) with other in-memory image buffers.
- You can load a cute picture of a kitten or a blobfish from the Internet into memory, and then use Parlay to add a funny or sarcastic caption to it, save that combined image to a file, and upload it to a social media website such as Twitter or Linkedin.
Some of these might need a little manipulation of the image data. The data format of the buffer is the obvious one. Each pixel is four unsigned chars, in order RGBA. Each row is an array of pixels from left to right. The whole image is a an array of rows from top to bottom. Width and height are returned in the image structure.
History
I wrote Parlay for a game I was working on, The Ditty of Carmeana.
Early on in development, I realized my crude way of rendering individual letters from an alphabet texture didn’t scale up well, and looked terrible. (Even by Ditty of Carmeana standards, which, if you decide to look into the game, you will see are very very, low.) I decided my next step was to use real font rendering, and because I’m a modern, savvy programmer who mindlessly heeds the woke advice to reuse code and not reinvent the wheel, I went looking for a freeware library that could do this for me.
Perhaps I didn’t search the Internet well enough, but I could not find a library that could simply lay out a paragraph of text into a memory buffer. The only applicable library I found was Pango. Pango could do what I wanted, it just could not do what I wanted simply.
The less I say about Pango the better. (Put it this way: the two things in the world I hate most are Pango and Adolf Hitler… in that order.) I will only mention that the last straw was when it turned out to have a complete inability to specify a application font. All font selection had to go through Font-Config, which manages system fonts, and this was so baked into Pango it was like altering a law of nature to get it to use an app font.
So I reinvented the wheel.
That’s what this is. When The Ditty of Carmeana was Greenlit on Steam (so this is a while back), I decided it was worth my while to write my own paragraph layout engine, that could do what I needed it to do, lay out paragraphs to an in-memory image… simply.
